When Cloudflare Sneezes, Half the Internet Catches a Cold: The November 2025 Outage and the Critical Need for Third-Party Risk Management
Executive Summary On the morning of November 18, 2025, a configuration error at Cloudflare triggered a cascading failure that rendered significant portions of the internet inaccessible for several hours. ChatGPT, X (formerly Twitter), Spotify, League of Legends, and countless other services went dark, exposing an uncomfortable truth: our modern digital